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The name Thirteen in Chinese / Japanese...
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| Characters If shown, 2nd row is Simp. Chinese |
Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
宗 see styles |
zōng zong1 tsung sou / so そう |
school; sect; purpose; model; ancestor; clan; to take as one's model (in academic or artistic work); classifier for batches, items, cases (medical or legal), reservoirs (1) (rare) origin; source; (2) (rare) virtuous ancestor; (given name) Motoi Ancestors, ancestral; clan; class, category. kind; school, sect; siddhānta, summary, main doctrine, syllogism, proposition, conclusion, realization. Sects are of two kinds: (1) those founded on principles having historic continuity, as the twenty sects of the Hīnayāna, the thirteen sects of China, and the fourteen sects of Japan: (2) those arising from an individual interpretation of the general teaching of Buddhism, as the sub-sects founded by Yongming 永明 (d. 975), 法相宗, 法性宗, 破相宗, or those based on a peculiar interpretation of one of the recognized sects, as the Jōdo-shinshū 淨土眞宗 found by Shinran-shōnin. There are also divisions of five, six, and ten, which have reference to specific doctrinal differences. Cf. 宗派. |
僧殘 僧残 see styles |
sēng cán seng1 can2 seng ts`an seng tsan sōzan |
saṅghāvaśeṣa; Pali, saṅghādiśeṣa. A sin of an ordained person, requiring open confession before the assembly for absolution, or riddance 殘; failing confession, dismissal from the order. Thirteen of these sins are of sexual thoughts, or their verbal expression, also greed, even for the sake of the order, etc. |
十三 see styles |
shí sān shi2 san1 shih san tomi とみ |
thirteen; 13 13; thirteen; (surname, female given name) Tomi Trayodasa; thirteen. |
半超 see styles |
bàn chāo ban4 chao1 pan ch`ao pan chao hanchō |
A deva who by devotion advances by leaps, escaping from one to thirteen of the sixteen heavens of form. |
宗派 see styles |
zōng pài zong1 pai4 tsung p`ai tsung pai shuuha / shuha しゅうは |
sect (1) sect; denomination; (2) school (e.g. of poetry) Sects (of Buddhism). In India, according to Chinese accounts, the two schools of Hīnayāna became divided into twentysects. Mahāyāna had two main schools, the Mādhyamika, ascribed to Nāgārjunaand Āryadeva about the second century A. D., and the Yogācārya, ascribed toAsaṅga and Vasubandhu in the fourth century A. D. In China thirteen sectswere founded: (1) 倶舍宗 Abhidharma or Kośa sect, representing Hīnayāna,based upon the Abhidharma-kosa-śāstra or 倶舍論. (2) 成實宗 Satyasiddhi sect, based on the 成實論 Satyasiddhi-śāstra,tr. by Kumārajīva; no sect corresponds to it in India; in China and Japan itbecame incorporated in the 三論宗. (3) 律宗 Vinaya or Discipline sect, basedon 十誦律, 四分律, 僧祗律, etc. (4) 三論宗 The three śāstra sect, based on theMādhyamika-śāstra 中觀論 of Nāgārjuna, theSata-śāstra 百論 of Āryadeva, and theDvādasa-nikāya-śāstra 十二門論 of Nāgārjuna; this schooldates back to the translation of the three śāstras by Kumārajīva in A. D. 409. (5) 涅槃宗 Nirvāṇasect, based upon the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra 涅槃經 tr. byDharmaraksa in 423; later incorporated in Tiantai, with which it had much incommon. (6) 地論宗 Daśabhūmikā sect, based on Vasubandhu's work on the tenstages of the bodhisattva's path to Buddhahood, tr. by Bodhiruci 508,absorbed by the Avataṃsaka school, infra. (7) 淨土宗 Pure-land or Sukhāvatīsect, founded in China by Bodhiruci; its doctrine was salvation throughfaith in Amitābha into the Western Paradise. (8) 禪宗 dhyāna, meditative or intuitional sect, attributed toBodhidharma about A. D. 527, but it existed before he came to China. (9) 攝論宗, based upon the 攝大乘論 Mahāyāna-saṃparigraha-śāstra byAsaṅga, tr. by Paramārtha in 563, subsequently absorbed by the Avataṃsakasect. (10) 天台宗 Tiantai, based on the 法華經 SaddharmapuṇḍarīkaSūtra, or the Lotus of the Good Law; it is aconsummation of the Mādhyamika tradition. (11) 華嚴宗 Avataṃsaka sect, basedon the Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra, or Gandha-vyūha 華嚴經 tr. in 418. (12) 法相宗 Dharmalakṣaṇa sect, established after thereturn of Xuanzang from India and his trans. of the important Yogācāryaworks. (13) 眞言宗 Mantra sect, A. D. 716. In Japan twelve sects are named:Sanron, Hossō, Kegon, Kusha, Jōjitsu, Ritsu, Tendai, Shingon; these areknown as the ancient sects, the two last being styled mediaeval; therefollow the Zen and Jōdo; the remaining two are Shin and Nichiren; at presentthere are the Hossō, Kegon, Tendai, Shingon, Zen, Jōdo, Shin, and Nichirensects. |
慧日 see styles |
huì rì hui4 ri4 hui jih enichi えにち |
{Buddh} sun of wisdom; Buddha's or Bodhisattva's limitless light of wisdom; (given name) Enichi Wisdom-sun, Buddha-wisdom. Huiri, a celebrated Tang monk and author (disciple of Yijing) who also went on pilgrimage to India and spent thirteen years there, died A.D. 748; entitled 慈愍三藏. |
遮難 遮难 see styles |
zhēn án zhen1 an2 chen an shanan |
Tests for applicants for full orders; there are sixteen (or ten) 遮 and thirteen 難, the former relating to general character and fitness, the latter referring to moral conduct. |
閏年 闰年 see styles |
rùn nián run4 nian2 jun nien junnen じゅんねん uruudoshi / urudoshi うるうどし |
leap year; (lunar calendar) year with a thirteen intercalary month (noun - becomes adjective with の) leap year |
驅烏 驱乌 see styles |
qū wū qu1 wu1 ch`ü wu chü wu |
Scarecrow, term for an acolyte of from seven to thirteen years of age, he being old enough to drive away crows. |
五大院 see styles |
wǔ dà yuàn wu3 da4 yuan4 wu ta yüan godaiin / godain ごだいいん |
(surname) Godaiin The fifth of the thirteen great courts of the Garbhadhātu-maṇḍala, named 持明院, the court of the five Dharmapālas 五大明王. |
十三仏 see styles |
juusanbutsu / jusanbutsu じゅうさんぶつ |
{Buddh} (See 不動明王,釈迦如来,文殊菩薩,普賢菩薩,地蔵菩薩,弥勒菩薩,薬師如来,観世音菩薩,勢至菩薩,阿弥陀如来,阿しゅく仏,大日如来,虚空蔵菩薩) the thirteen buddhas, bodhisattvas and wisdom kings |
十三住 see styles |
shí sān zhù shi2 san1 zhu4 shih san chu jūsanjū |
thirteen abodes |
十三佛 see styles |
shí sān fó shi2 san1 fo2 shih san fo jūsanbutsu |
The thirteen Shingon rulers of the dead during the forty-nine days and until the thirty-third commemoration. The thirteen are 不動明王, 釋迦文殊, 普賢, 地藏, 彌勤, 藥師, 觀音, 勢至, 阿彌陀, 阿閦; , 大日and 虛空藏; each has his place, duties, magical letter, signs, etc. |
十三力 see styles |
shí sān lì shi2 san1 li4 shih san li jūsanriki |
The thirteen powers or bodhisattva balas of the Pure land school: 因力, 緣力, 意力, 願力, 方力, 常力, 善力, 定力, 慧力, 多聞力, 持戒忍辱精進禪定力, 正念正觀諸通明力, and如法調伏諸衆生力. |
十三宗 see styles |
shí sān zōng shi2 san1 zong1 shih san tsung jūsan shū |
The thirteen Buddhist schools of China v. 宗派. |
十三日 see styles |
shí sān rì shi2 san1 ri4 shih san jih tomika とみか |
thirteenth day of a month (1) thirteenth day of the month; (2) thirteen days; (female given name) Tomika |
十三殘 十三残 see styles |
shí sān cán shi2 san1 can2 shih san ts`an shih san tsan jūsan zan |
thirteen saṅghāvaseṣa |
十三經 十三经 see styles |
shí sān jīng shi2 san1 jing1 shih san ching |
the Thirteen Confucian Classics, namely: Book of Songs 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], Book of History 尚書|尚书[Shang4 shu1], Rites of Zhou 周禮|周礼[Zhou1 li3], Rites and Ceremonies 儀禮|仪礼[Yi2 li3], Classic of Rites 禮記|礼记[Li3 ji4], Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1], Mr Zuo's Annals 左傳|左传[Zuo3 Zhuan4], Mr Gongyang's Annals 公羊傳|公羊传[Gong1 yang2 Zhuan4], Mr Guliang's Annals 穀梁傳|谷梁传[Gu3 liang2 Zhuan4], The Analects 論語|论语[Lun2 yu3], Erya 爾雅|尔雅[Er3 ya3], Classic of Filial Piety 孝經|孝经[Xiao4 jing1], Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3] |
十三行 see styles |
shí sān xíng shi2 san1 xing2 shih san hsing jūsan gyō |
thirteen practices |
文殊院 see styles |
wén shū yuàn wen2 shu1 yuan4 wen shu yüan monjuin もんじゅいん |
(place-name) Monjuin The seventh great court of the thirteen in the Garbhadhātu group; it shows Mañjuśrī in the centre of a group of twenty-five. |
胎藏界 see styles |
tāi zàng jiè tai1 zang4 jie4 t`ai tsang chieh tai tsang chieh taizō kai |
Garbhadhātu, or Garbhakośa-(dhātu), the womb treasury, the universal source from which all things are produced; the matrix; the embryo; likened to a womb in which all of a child is conceived— its body, mind, etc. It is container and content; it covers and nourishes; and is the source of all supply. It represents the 理性 fundamental nature, both material elements and pure bodhi, or wisdom in essence or purity; 理 being the garbhadhātu as fundamental wisdom, and 智 acquired wisdom or knowledge, the vajradhātu. It also represents the human heart in its innocence or pristine purity, which is considered as the source of all Buddha-pity and moral knowledge. And it indicates that from the central being in the maṇḍala, viz. the Sun as symbol of Vairocana, there issue all the other manifestations of wisdom and power, Buddhas, bodhisattvas, demons, etc. It is 本覺 original intellect, or the static intellectuality, in contrast with 始覺 intellection, the initial or dynamic intellectuality represented in the vajradhātu; hence it is the 因 cause and vajradhātu the 果 effect; though as both are a unity, the reverse may be the rule, the effect being also the cause; it is also likened to 利他 enriching others, as vajradhātu is to 自利 enriching self. Kōbō Daishi, founder of the Yoga or Shingon 眞言 School in Japan, adopted the representation of the ideas in maṇḍalas, or diagrams, as the best way of revealing the mystic doctrine to the ignorant. The garbhadhātu is the womb or treasury of all things, the universe; the 理 fundamental principle, the source; its symbols are a triangle on its base, and an open lotus as representing the sun and Vairocana. In Japan this maṇḍala is placed on the east, typifying the rising sun as source, or 理. The vajradhātu is placed west and represents 智 wisdom or knowledge as derived from 理 the underlying principle, but the two are essential one to the other, neither existing apart. The material and spiritual; wisdom-source and intelligence; essence and substance; and similar complementary ideas are thus portrayed; the garbhadhātu may be generally considered as the static and the vajradhātu as the dynamic categories, which are nevertheless a unity. The garbhadhātu is divided into 三部 three sections representing samādhi or quiescence, wisdom-store, and pity-store, or thought, knowledge, pity; one is called the Buddha-section, the others the Vajra and Lotus sections respectively; the three also typify vimokṣa, prajñā, and dharmakāya, or freedom, understanding, and spirituality. There are three heads of these sections, i. e. Vairocana, Vajrapāṇi, and Avalokiteśvara; each has a mother or source, e. g. Vairocana from Buddha's-eye; and each has a 明王 or emanation of protection against evil; also a śakti or female energy; a germ-letter, etc. The diagram of five Buddhas contains also four bodhisattvas, making nine in all, and there are altogether thirteen 大院 or great courts of various types of ideas, of varying numbers, generally spoken of as 414. Cf. 金剛界; 大日; 兩部. |
六師迦王 六师迦王 see styles |
liù shī jiā wáng liu4 shi1 jia1 wang2 liu shih chia wang Rokushika Ō |
Name of the king who, thirteen years after the destruction of the Jetavana vihāra. which had been rebuilt 'five centuries ' after the nirvana, again restored it. |
十三僧殘 十三僧残 see styles |
shí sān sēng cán shi2 san1 seng1 can2 shih san seng ts`an shih san seng tsan jūsan sō zan |
thirteen crimes against the saṃgha |
国士無双 see styles |
kokushimusou / kokushimuso こくしむそう |
(1) (yoji) distinguished person; (2) {mahj} thirteen orphans; winning hand containing one of each terminal and honor tile plus one extra copy of any of them |
少林武藝 少林武艺 see styles |
shǎo lín wǔ yì shao3 lin2 wu3 yi4 shao lin wu i Shōrin Mugei |
Wu-i, a cook of the Shao-lin monastery, who is said single-handed to have driven off the Yellow Turban rebels with a three-foot staff, and who was posthumously rewarded with the rank of 'general '; a school of adepts of the quarter-staff, etc., was called after him, of whom thirteen were far-famed. |
祇哆槃那 只哆槃那 see styles |
qí chǐ pán nà qi2 chi3 pan2 na4 ch`i ch`ih p`an na chi chih pan na Gitahanna |
(or 祇哆槃林); 祇園 (祇園精舍); 祇樹園; 祇樹給孤獨園; 祇樹花林窟; 祇桓林 (or 祇洹林); 祇陀林 (or 祇陀園); also 逝 or 誓多, etc. Jetavana, a park near Śrāvastī, said to have been obtained from Prince Jeta by the elder Anāthapiṇḍika, in which monasterial buildings were erected, the favourite resort of Śākyamuni. Two hundred years later it is said to have been destroyed by fire, rebuilt smaller 500 years after, and again a century later burnt down; thirteen years afterwards it was rebuilt on the earlier scale but a century later entirely destroyed. This is the account given in 法苑珠林 39. |
二百五十戒 see styles |
èr bǎi wǔ shí jiè er4 bai3 wu3 shi2 jie4 erh pai wu shih chieh nihyaku gojik kai |
The 250 commandments, or 具足戒 perfect or complete commandments, which are obligatory on monks and nuns. They are 四波羅夷 or 四根本極惡the four pārājika; 十三殘 thirteen saṅghāvaseṣa; 二不定法 two aniyata; 三十捨隨 thirty naiḥsargikāḥ-pāyattikāḥ; 九十波逸提ninety prāyaścittikāḥ; 四提舍尼four pratideśanīya; 百衆學 hundred śikṣākaraṇīya, and 七滅諍 seven kinds of vinaya for ending disputes. |
十三ヤオ九 see styles |
shiisanyaochuu / shisanyaochu シーサンヤオチュー |
{mahj} (See 国士無双・2) thirteen orphans (chi:); winning hand containing one of each terminal and honor tile |
十三僧殘戒 十三僧残戒 see styles |
shí sān sēng cán jiè shi2 san1 seng1 can2 jie4 shih san seng ts`an chieh shih san seng tsan chieh jūsan sōzan kai |
prohibitions of thirteen crimes against the saṃgha |
十三僧殘法 十三僧残法 see styles |
shí sān sēng cán fǎ shi2 san1 seng1 can2 fa3 shih san seng ts`an fa shih san seng tsan fa jūsan sōzan hō |
thirteen saṃghâvaśeṣa dharmas |
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